Health and behavioural risks for adverse pregnancy and offspring outcomes across peak male fertility: Prevalence in the Australian longitudinal study on male health

Abstract

Objectives Male preconception exposures are associated with adverse pregnancy and offspring outcomes, yet few studies have reported prevalence of these risk factors in men of reproductive age. We aimed to estimate preconception risk factor prevalence and concurrent risk counts, and to identify risk levels within population subgroups. Study design Descriptive, cross-sectional analyses of a national cohort study. Methods Data were from four waves across the Australian Longitudinal Study on Male Health (2012-2022). Included were fertile men aged 18-44 years at each wave ( n w1 = 8727; n w2 = 5854; n w3 = 3267; n w4 = 2705). Eleven pre-established risk factors were assessed: eight were available..